# BPC-157 References — Full Bibliography > Full bibliography of BPC-157 research citations with DOIs, PubMed links, journal information, and study type classification. Organized for sortable browsing. ## Bibliography All citations are drawn directly from peer-reviewed publications accessible via PubMed, PubMed Central, or publisher DOI. Study types are classified as: PRECLINICAL (rodent or other animal in vivo), IN VITRO (cell culture), HUMAN PILOT, REVIEW, or PHARMACOKINETIC. All 16 numbered citations correspond to the inline [N] citations used across the course modules. --- [1] Brcic L, Brcic I, Staresinic M, Novinscak T, Sikiric P, Seiwerth S. Modulatory effect of gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on angiogenesis in muscle and tendon healing. Journal of Physiological Pharmacology. 2009. PMID: 20388964. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20388964/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, intraperitoneal. [2] Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Huljev D, Sikiric P. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2006. DOI: 10.1002/jor.20096. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16583442/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, intraperitoneal. [3] Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JH. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014. DOI: 10.3390/molecules191119066. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6271067/ — IN VITRO, rat tendon fibroblasts, cell culture. [4] Seiwerth S, Milavic M, Vukojevic J, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627533. PMID: 34267654. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34267654/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, intraperitoneal/topical/oral. [5] Vukojevic J, Vrdoljak B, Malekinusic D, Siroglavic M, Milavic M, Kolenc D, et al. The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. Brain and Behavior. 2020. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1726. PMID: 32558293. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32558293/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, local (carotid triangle). [6] Perovic D, Kolenc D, Bilic V, Somun N, Drmic D, Elabjer E, Buljat G, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 can improve the healing course of spinal cord injury and lead to functional recovery in rats. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2019. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1242-6. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6604284/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, intraperitoneal. [7] Vukojevic J, Milavic M, Perovic D, Ilic S, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system. Neural Regeneration Research. 2022. DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320969. PMID: 34380875. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34380875/ — REVIEW, rat, intraperitoneal/oral. [8] Udovicic M, Sever M, Kavur L, Loncaric K, Barisic I, Balenovic D, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy for Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Leads to Prevention and Reversal. Biomedicines. 2021. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070822. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8301325/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, intraperitoneal/oral (drinking water). [9] Sikiric P, Skrtic A, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Zizek H, Lovric E, et al. Cytoprotective gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 resolves major vessel occlusion disturbances, ischemia-reperfusion injury following Pringle maneuver, and Budd-Chiari syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2022. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i1.23. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35125818/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, intragastric/intraperitoneal/oral/local. [10] He L, Feng D, Guo H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Zhang K, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026182. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9794587/ — PHARMACOKINETIC, rat/dog, intravenous/intramuscular. [11] Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Skrtic A, Staresinic M, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Pleiotropic Effect Controlling and Modulating Angiogenesis and the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025. DOI: 10.3390/ph18060928. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12195719/ — REVIEW, rat, intraperitoneal/ophthalmic. [12] Matek D, Matek I, Staresinic E, Japjec M, Bojanic I, Boban Blagaic A, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy After Surgical Detachment of the Quadriceps Muscle from Its Attachments for Muscle-to-Bone Reattachment in Rats. Pharmaceutics. 2025. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17010119. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11768438/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, oral gavage/drinking water. [13] McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s12178-025-09990-7. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12446177/ — HUMAN PILOT / REVIEW, human pilot data (3 studies, 28 participants). [14] Demirtas H, Ozer A, Yildirim AK, Dursun AD, Sezen SC, Arslan M. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025. DOI: 10.3390/medicina61020291. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11857380/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, intraperitoneal. [15] Vukusic D, Zenko Sever A, Sever M, Drmic D, Milavic M, Sikiric S, et al. Duodenocolic fistula healing by pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in rats. A cytoprotection viewpoint. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2024. DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2024.1.09. PMID: 38583442. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38583442/ — PRECLINICAL, rat, local/intragastric/oral/intraperitoneal. [16] Yuan C, Demers A, Silva-Ortiz V, Hasoon JJ, Lee W, Dave K, Amirdelfan K, Burke HW, Christo PJ, Robinson CL. From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026. DOI: 10.3390/ijms27062876. PMID: 41898733. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41898733/ — REVIEW, rat/mouse/rabbit/human (3 pilot studies). --- For research purposes only. Not for human consumption. This site does not sell any product and is not affiliated with any vendor.